Events leading up to the formation of BPUPKI and PPKI in Indonesia

Events leading up to the formation of BPUPKI and PPKI in Indonesia

Japan's position in the Greater East Asia War has been increasingly pressing since 1944, even the various islands around Irian have fallen into the hands of the allies. Japan's increasingly fragile defense urged the Japanese government through Prime Minister Koiso to issue the Koiso Promise which contained "a promise of independence in the future" (7 September 1944) so ​​that Indonesia would help Japan against the allies. On March 1, 1945, the Japanese military government in Java under the leadership of Saiko Shikikan (Supreme Commander) Kumakichi Harada reaffirmed the promise of independence for Indonesia and was stated in the Gunseikan edict and the establishment of BPUPKI on April 29, 1945 consisting of 62 members chaired by Radjiman Widyodiningrat and two of his deputies, R. Panji Soeroso and Ichibangase. Members of BPUPKI were inaugurated on May 28, 1945. The main task of BPUPKI is to draft the state constitution and draft the constitution. In the BPUPKI session | (29 May 1945 - 1 June 1945) there are several proposed formulations as follows.

a. Moh. Yamin at the BPUPKI session on May 30, 1945 stated the basic formulation of the state as follows: Nationality Fair; Fairy of Humanity; Forestry Fairy; Folk Fairy; and Social Welfare.

b. Soepomo at the BPUPKI session on May 31, 1945 made the following proposals: Indonesian nationality; Internationalism or humanity; Unity and unity; Social welfare; and God Almighty.

c. Soekarno at the last session of BPUPKI, namely on June 1, 1945, submitted his proposal as follows: Indonesian nationality; Internationalism or humanity; Consensus and democracy; Social welfare; and Cultured Divinity. In his speech, Soekarno stated that the five precepts could be squeezed into Trisila (Socio-nationalism; Socio-democracy; and Divinity), and Trisila could be squeezed again into Ekasila, namely mutual cooperation. In his speech also Ir. Soekarno coined the term "Pancasila" for the first time. All these proposals were accommodated and reformulated by eight members of the BPUPK! (small committee). On June 22, 1945, the committee held an informal meeting with 38 members of BPUPKI to form a committee of Nine whose task was to harmonize the relationship between state and religion. The results of the meeting of the nine committees were then included in the document of the Draft Preamble to the Basic Law or the Jakarta Jakarta Charter, which contained the points of Pancasila, namely: 1) Belief in God with the obligation to carry out Islamic law for its adherents; 2) Just and civilized humanity; 3) Indonesian Union; 4) Democracy led by wisdom in representative deliberation; 5) Social justice for all Indonesian people. Of the various kinds of Pancasila formulations above that are valid and constitutionally correct are the Pancasila formulations listed in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution and reinforced by MPR Decree XX/MPRS/1966 and INPRES No. 12 (13 April 1968)